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1 R G
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2 R granti R
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3 G R
Dear Colleagues,
As usual, I am sending you this CERN press release before we issue it
to the media. Unusually this time, however, I feel that it needs a few
words of introduction. The OPERA collaboration has measured the time
of flight of neutrinos sent from CERN to Gran Sasso, along with the
distance they cover. These measurements appear to show that the
neutrinos are travelling faster than light. When a collaboration makes
a surprising observation such as this and is unable to account for it,
the ethics of Science demand that the results be made available to a
wider community, to seek scrutiny and to encourage independent
experiments. That's why when the spokesperson of the OPERA
collaboration asked me whether they could hold a seminar here, I said yes. Given the potential impact of such a measurement, I felt it important for CERN formally to make its position clear. That's the reason for the cautiously worded statement we're sending to the media today.
Best regards,
Rolf Heuer


When a proton encounters its antiparticle (and more generally, if any species of baryon encounters any species of antibaryon), the reaction is not as simple as electron-positron annihilation. Unlike an electron, a proton is a composite particle consisting of three "valence quarks" and an indeterminate number of "sea quarks" bound by gluons. Thus, when a proton encounters an antiproton, one of its constituent valence quarks may annihilate with an antiquark, while the remaining quarks and antiquarks will undergo rearrangement into a number of mesons (mostly pions and kaons), which will fly away from the annihilation point. The newly created mesons are unstable, and will decay in a series of reactions that ultimately produce nothing but gamma rays, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. This type of reaction will occur between any baryon (particle consisting of three quarks) and any antibaryon (consisting of three antiquarks). Antiprotons can and do annihilate with neutrons, and likewise antineutrons can annihilate with protons.

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